U Rwanda ntirwakagombye kwikoreza abakene umutwaro wo kuziba icyuho mu ngengo y’imari: Impuguke ya Loni ku bijyanye n’ubukene 

KIGALI (30 GICURASI 2025) – Umugenzuzi Wihariye wa Loni ku bijyanye n’ubukene bukabije n’uburenganzira bwa muntu, Bwana Olivier De Schutter, yashimye u Rwanda ku ntambwe ishimishije rumaze gutera mu kurwanya ubukene, ariko atangaza ko ibyinshi mu byagezweho bishobora gusubira inyuma igihe ingamba zo kugabanya cyane inkunga igenerwa gahunda z’imibereho myiza zaba zishyizwe mu bikorwa, kuko ibyo bizahungabanya cyane imibereho y’abakene bo mu byaro.  

« U Rwanda rwateye intambwe ishimishije mu gukura mu bukene Abanyarwanda bagera hafi kuri miliyoni 1.5 mu gihe cy’imyaka irindwi gusa, kuva mu 2017 kugeza mu 2024, » ibyo Bwana De Schutter yabitangaje mu kiganiro yatanze ubwo yasozaga uruzinduko rwe rw’akazi mu Rwanda.

« Imbogamizi ihari muri iki gihe akaba ari ugufasha abaturage bagera hafi kuri miliyoni 3.6 bakiri munsi y’umurongo w’ubukene, muri ibi bihe inkunga z’amahanga n’ingengo y’imari y’Igihugu byagabanyutse. »

Nkuko bigaragazwa n’imibare iheruka, abenshi mu bari munsi y’umurongo w’ubukene batuye mu byaro, aho hafi umuturage umwe mu baturage batatu yugarijwe n’ubukene – uyu mubare ukaba ari hafi inshuro ebyiri z’umubare w’abakene batuye mu mijyi. Na none kandi, ikinyuranyo hagati y’imibare y’abaturage bugarijwe n’ubukene igiye itandukanye cyane bitewe n’uturere, bityo Intara y’Iburengerazuba n’Intara y’Amajyepfo zikaba ziza ku isonga mu kugira umubare munini w’abaturage bakennye mu Gihugu. Umugenzuzi Wihariye wa Loni akaba yarashoboye gusura izo Ntara zombi. Ubusumbane ku birebana n’umusaruro abantu binjiza n’umutungo na bwo buracyari hejuru. Abantu 1% mu baza ku isonga mu kwinjiza amafaranga menshi ni bo bikubiye 20% by’amafaranga abantu bari mu Gihugu binjiza, bityo bakaba bihariye  hafi inshuro ebyiri z’amafaranga yinjizwa na 50% by’abaturage bari mu cyiciro cy’abinjiza amafaranga make.

Izi mbogamizi zikaba zije mu bihe bitoroshye. Muri Mutarama 2025, umwenda w’Igihugu wageze kuri 78.7% by’umusaruro mbumbe w’Igihugu (GDP), ibyo bikaba byaratumye Leta yiyemeza kugabanya cyane icyuho kiri mu ngengo y’imari– ku buryo kigomba kuva kuri 6.9% kikagera kuri 3.3% mu gihe cy’imyaka ibiri – ibi bikaba byaratumye Igihugu cyisanga mu cyo Bwana De Schutter yise « ibihe by’ingamba zitoroshye zo guhangana n’ihungabana ry’ubukungu ».

De Schutter yagize ati, « Kuba ubukene bukomeje kwibasira abaturage bo mu byaro, cyane cyane muri bamwe mu batunzwe n’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi ni ikibazo Leta itagomba kwirengagiza mu byemezo bikomeye ifata mu rwego rwo kugabanya icyuho mu ngengo y’imari. »

Yatanze umuburo avuga ko « u Rwanda rukwiye kwirinda kugwa mu mutego ibindi bihugu byaguyemo byikoreza abakene umutwaro wo kuziba icyuho mu ngengo y’imari – aho ibyo bihugu byagabanyije ingengo y’imari igenerwa gahunda zitandukanye maze bikarangira ibyo biba intandaro y’ingaruka zashegeshe cyane abari basanzwe batishoboye kurusha abandi ».

Ni muri urwo rwego, De Schutter yagaragaje « ibimenyetso biteye impungenge, » birimo igabanuka ry’ingengo y’imari igenewe urwego rw’ubuzima, yagabanutse ikava kuri 10% ikagera kuri 7% by’ingengo y’imari guhera mu mwaka wa 2020/21. Ingengo y’imari igenewe gahunda z’imibereho myiza na yo yagabanyutseho 22% mu mwaka wa 2024/25, kandi biteganyijwe ko izongera kugabanyuka ku kigero cya 30% mu mwaka utaha.

Ingengo y’imari igenerwa politiki nk’izo mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi n’imibereho myiza ishingira ahanini ku nkunga z’amahanga, ariko bikaba bigenda bigaragara ko izo nkunga zidashobora kwizerwa buri gihe, bityo De Schutter akaba asaba ko « hakenewe kongera gusuzuma uburyo izo nzego zita ku buzima bw’abaturage zakomeza kugenerwa ingengo y’imari ihamye, hifashishijwe kurushaho gukoresha uburyo bunoze bwo gushakisha amikoro  binyuze mu kongera amafaranga yinjira ava imbere mu gihugu. »

De Schutter yagaragaje kandi ko hari gahunda zitanga icyizere, bityo ashishikariza Leta kuzitaho no kurushaho kuzongerera imbaraga: gahunda yo kugaburira abana bose ku ishuri; ishyirwaho rya Imibereho, nka gahunda ifasha kumenya neza ingo zikennye n’abaturage bakeneye ubufasha; gahunda z’ubwisungane mu kwivuza ndetse na Ejo Heza, nka gahunda y’ubwizigame bw’igihe kirekire igenewe gufasha abakorera mu nzego zitandukanye z’ubuzima bw’igihugu kwiteganyiriza babifashijwemo na Leta.

Icyakora, iyo mpuguke yagaragaje impungenge zishingiye ku kuba nta buryo buriho bwo kugenera inkunga abatakaza akazi, gufasha imiryango ifite ibibazo byihariye n’ababyeyi batwite cyangwa bonsa. Yavuze ko Gahunda ya Ingoboka Cash Transfer Scheme igamije gufasha abaturage bafite ubushobozi buke mu gihe barwariye mu bitaro igihe kirekire itagera ku bayikeneye bose, mu gihe kuba amategeko atagena umushahara fatizo no kuba hakiri umubare muto w’abibumbira mu masendika byatumye umwe muri bane mu bakozi bugarijwe n’ubukene.

De Schutter yasabye Leta kurushaho gushyira imbaraga mu guha abaturage ijambo mu ifatwa ry’ingamba zo guhangana n’ibyo bibazo, avuga ko kudaha agaciro ibitekerezo by’abanenga politiki zayo, bityo igafata ibyo bitekerezo nko  » gukurura amacakubiri » cyangwa « guteza imidugararo muri rubanda » bishobora gutuma hashyirwaho politiki zigaragaragaramo gusesagura kandi zidatanga umusaruro.

De Schutter yagize ati, « U Rwanda ntirushobora gukomeza gutera intambwe ishimishije mu kurwanya ubukene no kubyaza umusaruro amahirwe rufite yo kugira abaturage bashoboye igihe cyose rudafashe ingamba zo kubungabunga uburenganzira bw’umuntu mu Rwanda.

Nta gihugu na kimwe gishobora guha serivisi zikwiye abaturage bacyo igihe hatabayeho kubatega amatwi no gushingira ku bitekerezo batanga: aha ni ukuvuga kubaha ijambo kugira ngo bagaragaze impungenge nyakuri bafite no kugira ngo batange ibitekerezo bagaragaze ibisubizo babona ko ari byo bikwiye, cyane ko ibyo bitekerezo ari wo musemburo uhamye w’iterambere. »

Raporo y’Umugenzuzi Wihariye wa Loni ku Rwanda izagezwa ku Nama y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Ishinzwe Uburenganzira bwa Muntu muri Kamena 2026.